A Report on a Non Bank Financial Institution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1525 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Did you like this example? Non Bank Financial Institution Definition: A non-bank financial institution (NBFI) is a financial institution that does not have a complete banking license and is not administered by a national or international banking regulatory agency. NBFIs make easy bank-related financial services, such as investment, contractual savings, risk pooling market brokering. Examples: Examples consist of insurance firms, check cashing locations, pawn shops, currency exchange, cashiers check issuers, payday lending, microloan organizations. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Report on a Non Bank Financial Institution" essay for you Create order Alan Greenspan has identified the role of NBFIs in intensification an economy, as they facilitate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“multiple alternatives to transform an economys savings into capital investment act as backup facilities should the primary form of intermediation failà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Types: Commercial Banks. Investment Banks. Insurance Companies. Brokerages. Investment Companies. Commercial Banks: Commercial banks accept deposits offer security and convenience to the customers. The original purpose of banks is to provide clients secure keeping for their money. Through banks customers does not longer need to keep huge amounts of currency in their hand, transactions can be handled with checks, debit cards credit cards as an alternative. Commercial banks also provide loans to the individuals and businesses use to buy goods or expand business operations which in turn direct to more deposited funds that make their way to banks. Investment Bank: Investment banks may be called banks, their operations are far dissimilar than deposit gathering commercial banks. An investment bank is a financial intermediary which executes a range of services for businesses and some governments. The services contains underwriting debt and equity offerings, acting as an intermediary among an issuer of securities and the investing public, making markets, providing mergers and different corporate reorganizations, and acting as a broker for institutional customers. In general investment banks are subject to less regulation than commercial banks. Although investment banks work below the direction of regulatory bodies likes the Securities and Exchange Commission, FINRA, and the U.S. Treasury. Insurance Companies: Insurance companies pool risk by collecting imbursement from a big group of people who want to defend themselves their loved ones against a particular loss, for instance a fire, car accident, illness, lawsuit, disability or death. Insurance assist individuals and companies supervise risk and preserve wealth. Through insuring a large amount of people, insurance companies can function profitably and simultaneously pay for claims that may arise. Insurance companies make use of statistical analysis to plan what their actual losses will be within a given class. They know that not all of the insured individuals will endure losses all at once. Brokerages: Brokerages operate as an intermediary among buyers and sellers to provide securities transactions. Brokerage companies are remunerated via commission after the transaction has been successfully completed. For instance, when a trade order for a stock is carried out, an individual often pays a transaction fee for the brokerage companys efforts to execute the trade. A brokerage can be either full service or discount. A full service brokerage provides investment advice, portfolio management and trade execution. In exchange for this high level of service, customers pay significant commissions on each trade. Discount brokers allow investors to perform their own investment research and make their own decisions. Investment Companies: An investment company is a corporation or a trust through which individuals invest in diversified, professionally managed portfolios of securities by pooling their funds with those of other investors. Types: Unit investment trusts (UITs). Face amount certificate companies. Managed investment companies. Role of Financial Institutions: NBFIs supplement banks by facilitating the infrastructure to allot surplus resources to individuals and companies through deficits. NBFIs also introduce competition in terms of financial services. Whereas banks may present a set of financial services as a packaged deal, NBFIs unbundle and modify these services to meet the requirements of particular clients. Growth A few researches recommend elevated correlation b/w a financial development and economic growth. Usually, a market-based financial system has improved developed NBFIs than a bank based structure which is encouraging for economic growth. Stability A multi-faceted financial system that comprises of non-bank financial institutions can protect economies from financial shocks and allow speedy recovery when these shocks occur. Other Types: Risk-Pooling Institutions: Insurance companies endorse economic risks linked with illness, death, damage and other risks of loss. In return to collecting an insurance premium, insurance companies offer a dependent promise of economic protection in the case of loss. There are two major types of insurance companies: General insurance Life insurance. General insurance be likely to be short-term, whereas life insurance is a longer-term contract, which cease at the death of the insured. Both kinds of insurance life and general are accessible to all sectors of the district. Contractual Savings Institutions: Contractual savings institutions provide individuals the chance to invest in collective investment vehicles (CIV) as a fiduciary rather than a principal role. Collective investment vehicles pool means from individuals and firms into diverse financial instruments together with equity, debt, and derivatives. The two main types Open-end Closed-end funds. Open-end funds produce original investments by allowing the public to buy new shares at any time and shareholders can liquidate their holding by selling the shares back to the open-end fund at the net asset value. Closed-end funds release a predetermined number of shares in an IPO. In this instance the shareholders capitalize on the value of their assets by selling their shares in a stock exchange. Market Makers: Market makers are broker dealer institutions that quote a buy and sell price and provide transactions for financial assets. Such assets contain equities, government and corporate debt, derivatives, and foreign currencies. As soon as receiving an order the market maker without delay sells from its inventory or makes a purchase to offset the loss in inventory. The degree of difference between the buying and selling quotes, or the bid-offer spread is how the market maker creates profit. A main contribution of the market makers is getting better the liquidity of financial assets in the market. Specialized Sectorial Financiers: They offer a restricted range of financial services to a targeted sector. For instance, real estate financiers channel capital to prospective homeowners, leasing companies offer financing for equipment and payday lending companies that offer short term loans to individuals that are under banked or have limited resources. Financial Service Providers: Financial service contributor includes brokerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s securities and mortgage, management consultants, and financial advisors, and they function on a fee for service basis. Their services contain enhancing informational efficiency for the investors in the case of brokers, providing a transactions service by which an investor can liquidate existing assets. Purpose and Scope: The purpose is to provide the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) with factual profiles of five sectors of non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs), based upon their size, services, geographic and transaction attributes. FinCEN has regulatory responsibilities for a wide variety of financial institutions, and needs current and detailed information on those financial institution industry elements subject to its regulatory authority. Senior policy makers need to make regulatory decisions based on the best available information, so as to ensure that their public responsibilities are dis charged fairly and effectively. In the near future, FinCEN will be proposing significant changes to its regulatory requirements relating to certain non-bank financial institutions (identified below) and will need basic information concerning the size, extent, revenue derived and nature of the businesses that offer these financial services to the public. In order to provide reliable information, we: conducted an intensive discovery process identifying and cataloging conventional and unconventional sources of data, through similarly conventional and unconventional means; investigated these sources to the extent possible in connection with the scope of the study; utilized internal resources and networks of professionals to obtain key information; Opened channels of communication with major industry participants and state regulators; and Utilized innovative quality analysis techniques to identify and highlight meaningful indicators and trends. The five NBFI sectors covered by the study are: Money Transmission Travelers Check Money Order Retail Foreign Currency Exchange Check Cashing. List of Non-Bank Financial Institution in Pakistan: A. Development Finance Institution: Equity Participation Fund. Investment Corporation of Pakistan. National Investment Trust Ltd. Pakistan Kuwait Investment Company (Pvt) Ltd. Pakistan Oman Investment Co.Pvt.Ltd Saudi Pak Industrial and Agricultural Investment C. (Pvt) Ltd. B. Leasing Companies: Asian Leasing Corporation Ltd. Askari Leasing Company Ltd. Dawood Leasing Company Ltd. Saudi Pak Leasing Company Ltd. Pak-Apex Leasing Company Ltd. Lease Pak Ltd. Pakistan Industrial Commercial Leasing Ltd. Universal Leasing Corporation Ltd. Trust Leasing Corporation Ltd. C. Investment Banks: Asset Investment Bank Ltd. Crescent Investment Bank Ltd Islamic Investment Bank Ltd. First International Investment Bank Ltd. Jahangir Siddiqui Investment Bank Ltd. Security Investment Bank Ltd. Trust Investment Bank Ltd. D. Modaraba Companies: Al-Zamin Leasing Modaraba Financial Link Modaraba First General Leasing Modaraba First Islamic Modaraba First Pak Modaraba First Punjab Modaraba Industrial Capital Modaraba Guardian Leasing Modaraba Long Term Venture Capital Modaraba E. Discount Guarantee Houses: First Credit Discount Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. First Prudential Discount Guarantee House Ltd. National Discounting Services Ltd. F. House Finance Companies: Citibank Housing Finance Company Ltd. House Building Finance Corporation International Housing Finance Ltd. G. Venture capital Company: Pakistan Venture Capital Ltd. Page | 1

Marketing Opportunity - Dettol Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Dettol has successfully been able to position itself as a brand which is mainly for families for the purpose of hygiene and keeping them germ-free. With its claims of the killing off 99.9% germs Dettol is a popular product when it comes to daily cleanliness. Even though they have established their brand as a clean product which is convenient and dependable there still exists an opportunity for Dettol to add to their current product depth by introducing a brand which is for today s more aware consumer. With the consumer s preference for environment-friendly brands which endorse recyclable materials in product use and aim for convenience. Free refills for their no hands liquid hand washes and the introduction of the product in bigger sizes is an opportunity that the brand can benefit from in the UAE market. Proposed productThe product that is proposed is to introduce the concept of refills for a basic bottle of liquid hand wash in a variety of fragrances. In this way a strategy much l ike Gillette does with its razor blades can be followed. When the overall price of the product is comparatively less the cost is transferred to the purchase of refills. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Opportunity - Dettol or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Role and Function of Law Free Essays

The Role and Function of Law James Williams Law/421 January 7, 2012 Gail B. Jabber Role and Functions of Law According to Melvin (2011), â€Å"A generally accepted generic definition of the law is a body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by controlling authority, and having legal binding force† (p. 4). We will write a custom essay sample on Role and Function of Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now The scope of modern law is broad with tentacles that reach into every area of public and private dealings. Essentially law furnishes a process by which the rulings and directives to regulate certain behaviors, disagreements, plus unlawful acts are available to individuals for use in resolution of disputes and to enforce promises. Law weaves into practically every aspect of the daily activities of businesses as well as individuals within the society. The evolution of law from basically a way to protect property rights to the intricate and complex system it has become is astounding. The research will examine the numerous roles and functions of law in relation to business and society. Laws govern many facets of business. They regulate—business operation, environmental standards, treatment of employees, workplace requirements—to name a few. The broad design of the law is to discourage against predatory business practices and to protect the consumer from fraudulent advertising or receiving inferior products as well as provide remediation to victims when necessary. To accomplish this, the federal as well as state governments have policing powers to enforce the rules a society chooses to govern itself. This law incorporates into the fabric of the society. For example, there are federal and state laws that control e-business commerce plus international business dealings. Congress derives its power to regulate the flow of commercial activity along interstate and intrastate highways likewise railways together with the vehicles that transport the goods from the commerce clause. The application of these powers varies. According to Melvin (2011), â€Å"However, the direct and broad power to regulate all persons and products related to the flow of interstate commerce is the fundamental source of its authority. † Furthermore, manufacturing, distribution, shipping, employment, patents, trademarks, and copyrights are under government regulation as well. Federal law supplants state law when they conflict in intrastate matters, e. g. Cipollone versus the Liggett Group, Inc. Laws hold companies responsible for product safety. Therefore, manufacturers as well as sellers are liable to consumers for damaged or defective products as well as injuries or deaths that may result from their use. For example, the government establishes laws to standardize the quality of food, drink, and medicines consumers ingest while issuing additional laws to control the mechanical quality of automobiles and appliances—home and commercial. Enterprises employ these laws throughout the production process to ensure compliance. Consequently, the public is safer from injury and disease through quality control of products. There are numerous federal agencies that regulate business (the Federal Trade Commission, U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, U. S. Patent and Trademark Office, The United States Trade Commission, plus The International Trade Commission), to name a few. Finally, antitrust laws keep businesses from monopolizing markets, price fixing, similarly cornering an industry. Laws touch every aspect of social behavior across walks of life. For example, the activities of a typical day may include waking at home, preparing breakfast, getting children to school, and arriving at the workplace unmindful of the laws that manipulate these acts. The day continues with the use of an identification badge to park, clock-in for work, and in some cases to access restricted areas of the building. The day concludes with a stop at the local grocery store to purchase a few items for dinner and pay for them with a bank card giving no thought of the numerous laws that govern this business transaction. After all, the design of the law is to function in society and business in such a way that following them requires little thought. Laws provide order and a tool for the government to enforce satisfactory behavior with a precise set of rules (public laws) for citizens to adhere to, such as civil, criminal, administrative, and constitutional laws. By the power of public law the government imposes penalties (fines or incarceration) for breaking the law through civil and criminal court actions upon members of the society. The African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church has a rigorous set of laws, policies, procedures, and committee to vet potential ministerial candidates. However, since 1984 state law requires a criminal background check from the state law enforcement agency where the candidate resides before working in a day-care facility for children or senior citizens. The law further requires a one million dollar insurance rider for sexual misconduct charges that could result from counseling or visitations. The church complies with the intent of this legal mandate to protect the congregants from predators, and to avoid potential lawsuits that could bankrupt the church. In conclusion, the influence of law upon individuals’ lives begins at birth, and ends following death and the settlement of the estate. Law functions in marriage, separation, divorce, custody of children, birth certificates, and death certificates. To start a business, a person needs a permit, business license, and an attorney. Indeed the law influences people through the entirety of life. References Melvin, S. P. (2011). The legal environment of business: A managerial approach: Theory to practice. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Azria, S. M. (2008). Wills, Trusts, Estates Taxation. Wills, Trusts, Estates Taxation — Research Starters Business, 1. Bednar, J. (2006). Making Dollars and Sense. Businesswest, 23(5), 18. Boden, D. (2008). How to take (legal) action. International Financial Law Review, 27(5), 96-99. Flynn, S. I. (2008). Business Estate Planning. Business Estate Planning — Research Starters Business, 1. How to cite Role and Function of Law, Essay examples

Sustainable Comprehensive Primary Health -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Sustainable Comprehensive Primary Health? Answer: Introduction As much as Australia is developed, there still exists the rural part of the country. This is not to mean that if a country is well developed then it cannot have its rural part, no. The main concern is looking at how rural Australia with its beautiful mountains, rivers and such beautiful scenery and the contributions it makes to the whole of the country in various ways including farming. It is a country of high mountains, coastlines and plateaus (Funk Wagnalls New Encyclopedia, 2016). This however is almost not reciprocated to them considering the fact that there are challenges when it comes to service delivery to the rural areas. These service deliveries are important due to also the problems they face like climatic changes and drought and famine.Bushfires are common in areas where there are high temperatures or hot and dry conditions (Funk Wagnalls New Encyclopedia, 2016). There are significant challenges presented when it comes to this but there are also the strengths in it. Seve ral financial are in play affecting rural service delivery either positively or negatively. Understanding what human services is all about is also a very important thing to look at. These services encompass both face-to-face models and the virtual model. Nature of Rural Human Services in Australia Human services is all about providing and making sure that human needs are met in order to make sure that the people live in higher standards of life when it comes to all aspects. It is very vital for human development in all areas. However, it is not major case in rural regions of Australia with the limited provision of such services. The limitation of serviced is due to the problems that Australia faces when it comes to being able to hiring and retaining staff which is responsible for provision of these services (Doherty et al. 2015). The rural part of Australia is prone to natural calamities with far-reaching economic and social impacts for example the 2009 Black Saturday fires (Economist, 2012). Besides, it presents a challenge to the people due to the low life standards they live in. The reason for being not able to retain these workers is that there are shortages of such workers and that this is a problem that is rampant in most rural areas across the world or simply movement f rom the poor parts of a country towards the rich parts in search of better opportunities. Alston (2009) further stresses the situation in the rural areas on. She suggests that the farmers in the rural areas are the most affected by such a thing more than other rural groups. Therefore, it is a proof of the situation on the ground. In a further review of her book, she recognizes the fact that there are complex and intricate challenges that face rural Australia not forgetting the remote areas. The impact that is supposed to be seen from policies made by the structures put in place to accomplish the task very critical is often not seen among the people (Butler, 2011). This situation needs to improve. Putting things into a brighter perspective is Morling Boxall (2014) by saying that the kind of mental illness people in rural and remote Australia face is chronic compounded by poor living conditions and struggle to get good healthcare. The distribution of doctors is also uneven with the m any present in the urban areas leaving the rural areas with almost none (Kamalakanthan Jackson, 2009). Strengths and Weaknesses ofHuman Service Delivery in Australia As much as all the psychologists have weaknesses be it in rural or urban areas, the ones who work in the rural areas have special ones compared to those in the urban areas (Pelling Butler, 2015). The two say that some of the special challenges faced include clients in rural area have or suffer from health problems that must be attended to but there is no enough knowledge that has been written on the same. This is more of being introduced into a new field or more accurately, something that has existed for years but no adequate research or none at all has been carried out. This makes it hard when it comes to dealing with patients when meeting face to face. This would be much better in virtual services where one can refer to the relevant sources as opposed to the other one. The human service delivery also fails when it comes to equity of services. This calls for the need of development in the rural and remote areas in the indigenous people region as this is brought about by the presence of unbalanced models of services (Fitzpatrick et al. 2017). In this issue, the urban areas have far much developed structural resources without forgetting the better infrastructure in the towns. This affects both the face-to-face model and the virtual model of human service delivery as when it comes to the face-to-face model the distance hinders efficient movement between client and doctor. When it comes to the virtual model of delivery, where the doctor and the patient do not have to be necessarily close or in the same location, the structural constraints come into play. The rural areas do not have the technological knowhow and equipment required to enable virtual services (Tham et al. 2010). There is need to have equity and equality in both the rural and urban areas. I f the health services are inadequate then it will lead to poor outcomes in health. When it comes to virtual model of service delivery however, there is hope. Although it is not a field that has been developed extensively and putting into mind some of the weaknesses that have been put forward above, in Australia, the recent development in broadband connection is a tool that can greatly improve the provision of mental health care to the indigenous population. These developments include expanding the region or extent to which the internet connection will be available. This will be best when it comes to management technology features such as videoconferencing and therapy through the internet (Simpson Reid, 2014). According to them, this makes these services far much cheaper than before and at the same more accessible. To stress on the importance of telepsychology, the two say it is a very cheap but at the same time a very effective and a high quality human service delivery. Their findings suggest that this mode of delivery might even come close to being rated as the s ame with face-to-face therapy with a doctor. This is a conclusion made from the views and opinions made by clients who have gone through this kind of therapy and have said that they feel satisfied with it. This is good as it eliminates the geographical and the distance barrier and in turn helps save many people. Challenges Faced in Human Service Delivery In looking at the challenges faced by human services delivery, we will use the delivery of mental health help in the rural, remote, and indigenous Australia. According to the report by a Select Committee on Issues of Mental Health of Australia convened by The Senate in Australia (March 2006), it found out that millions of residents in Australia suffer from mental illness at some stage in their life and manage to get overit and continue to live their lives normally. However, you cannot brush aside the devastating effects that are brought about by this dreadful experience. This is often the case especially when the mental illness is serious. This can make one contemplate suicide due to the depression that comes with mental illness. People suffering from mental health however in the remote areas of Australia were found to be what we can say, Better off because indigenous communities offer many social help and are friendlier. This however does not seem to help so much as the citizens fin d it hard to access mental health institutions. The reason making it hard them to access mental healthcare is due to a low number of mental health practitioners in the remote and rural areas. What brings about this challenge is the distance from where the professionals are to where the rural farms are. This means that at some point the indigenous people have to be taken to somewhere else which according to the report, can mean being taken to a very different world to the indigenous Australians. This agrees with the findings of another researcher who says that when it comes to matters in staffing, this has always presented a problem in rural Australia (Cosgrave et al. 2015). They say that the issue of retention of the professionals presents a big challenge. Still on the challenges, Cosgrave and his colleagues point out that the presence of small towns present the biggest problem in provision of mental services. To stress on the importance of this they talk of the importance of those who have worked in the rural areas for a signific ant amount of time because they have the knowledge onthe impact of retaining workers. This mostly affects the face-to-face model where the services need boots on the ground though it cuts across both. Another challenge when it comes to the virtual model of human service delivery is about telecommunication. Pelling Butler (2015) note it to be a field that has not been developed properly but the psychologists arealready being pressured to use this technology. This involves teleconferencing with the client or where possible videoconferencing. This makes it easier to bridge the distance between patients and professionals. The lack of development of this makes it hard for the practioners to effectively communicate with the clients without forgetting the fact that the indigenous people are not advanced technologically. Morley et al (2007) look at what we can say is the positive side of things away from all these challenges. In their research, they find that there are measures that have been put forward to try to mitigate these challenges faced. In their model of research, they include a look at several case studies in where several projects have been undertaken in a bid to improve the state of mental health services by the government. The projects undertaken projects were tailor made solutions for the rural areas and their research shows that they have worked tremendously. They reach to an extent where they have actually been rated as being standard at some point. This shows that there is actually hope for the Australian indigenous people in the mental health care sector. Margaret Alston in her book, Innovative Human Service Practice: Australias changing landscape (2009), she talks of other challenges that are not domestic as the ones mentioned above but rather external. She says that service delivery in rural communities is also affected by things as the effects of a world that is becoming small through globalization and neo-liberalism. In globalization, she says due to the effects of globalization, the government hasintroduced market based solutions that led to withdrawal of services from the rural areas (Alston, 2007). Conclusion The importance of quality human services has been looked at critically and why the government and all the involved stakeholders in the human services need to work towards the betterment of the nature of these services especially in the rural, remote and places where the indigenous people reside. On other issues, the book written by Margaret Alstons book is a very great book that gives insight into what exactly is happening on the ground and all the forces in play in the rural areas. This book is helpful in improving the standards of rural services provisionas it also points out the issues they face as a community. It however has a place to be criticized as it points out that farmers are the most disadvantaged in the rural areas (Teghe, 2012). There is a need to come up with ways on how to develop a nearly perfect model that works and is fair to all the regions especially the rural areas. This will help reduce economics and tragic events such as suicide. There is needed to look at the factors that make up an ineffective model that is mainly a model that does not enable or allow the worker to give the service to perfection sustainably (Roufeil Battye, 2008). This sustainability should be present at the organizational level, programme level and at the linkages with affiliated services. The technological part is also a vital tool that should be developed to reduce the costs and eliminate distance between clients and therapists or human service workers and the intended group, population or area References Alston, M. (2007). Globalization, rural restructuring and health service delivery in Australia: policy failure and the role of social work? Health Social Care inthe Community,15(3), 195-202. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2524.2007.00696.x Alston, M. (2009). Innovative Human Service Practice: Australias changing landscape. Palgrave Macmillan. South Yarra. Australia. (2016).Funk Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, 1p. 1. BushfiresinAustralia.(2016).FunkWagnallsNewWorldEncyclopedia,1p.1. Butler, M. P. (2011). Innovative Human Services Practice: Australia's Changing Landscape.Australian Social Work,64(2), 236. doi:10.1080/0312407X.2011.579386 Cosgrave, C., Hussain, R., Maple, M. (2015). Retention challenge facing Australia's rural community mental health services: Service managers' perspectives.Australian Journal of Rural Health,23(5), 272-276. doi:10.1111/ajr.12205 Counting the cost of calamities. (2012).Economist,402(8767), 60. Doherty, C., Shield, P., Patton, W., Mu, G. M. (2015). The limits to public service: rural communities, professional families and work mobility.Community, Work Family,18(1), 100. doi:10.1080/13668803.2014.953446 Fitzpatrick, S. J., Perkins, D., Luland, T., Brown, D., Corvan, E. (2017). The effect of context in rural mental health care: Understanding integrated services in a small town.Health Place,4570-76. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.03.004 Kamalakanthan, A., Jackson, S. (2009). Doctor supply in Australia: rural--urban imbalances and regulated supply.Australian Journal of Primary Health,15(1), 3-8. Morley, B., Pirkis, J., Naccarella, L., Kohn, F., Blashki, G., Burgess, P. (2007). Improving access to and outcomes from mental health care in rural Australia.Australian Journal of Rural Health,15(5), 304-312. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1584.2007.00905.x Morling, D., Boxall, A. (2014). Rural mental health matters.Australian Journal of Rural Health,22(6), 340-341. doi:10.1111/ajr.12158 Pelling, N., Butler, B. (2015). Rural Counselors and Psychologists in Australia: A Descriptive Survey of Professionals and Practice. International Journal of Mental Health,44(1/2), 94-106. doi:10.1080/00207411.2015.1009782 Roufeil, L., Battye, K. (2008). Effective regional, nursing and remote family and relationship service delivery. AFRC Briefing No. 10 Simpson, S., Reid, C. (2014). Telepsychology in Australia: 2020 vision.Australian Journal of Rural Health,22(6), 306-309. doi:10.1111/ajr.12103 Teghe, D. (2012). Innovative Human Services Practice: Australia's Changing Landscape.Social Work Education,31(1), 134-135. doi:10.1080/02615479.2011.578918 Tham, R., Humphreys, J., Kinsman, L., Buykx, P., Asaid, A., Tuohey, K., Riley, K. (2010). Evaluating the impact of sustainable comprehensive primary health care on rural health.Australian Journal of Rural Health,18(4), 166-172. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1584.2010.01145.x The Senate. (2006). Select Committee on Mental Health: A national approach to mental health-from crisis to community. First report, March 2006