Law of Defamation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Law of Defamation - Essay Example The columnist told the court that he had not kept the notes. Be that as it may, since activity for slander must be started inside one year of distribution of the report, it may not be difficult to keep notes. Be that as it may, it has viable challenges. The Act doesn't go in enormous manner in the safeguarding of the opportunity of the discourse and press with regards to the cases managing open figures. Truth be told it is the community workers that ought to be energetically pursued and made responsible to their deeds. Media, as it exists, is an unconstrained action. Each word that the media reports can't be validated with supporting archives. Media frequently depends on noise data. This data might be dependable. Yet, dependability in specific cases may unrealistic to demonstrate. Presently, what is said in the media extemporaneous may not be accessible in the court with the end goal of proof. This would make the press and communicate media too much mindful which will remove the ener gy of news revealing in Britain, while somewhere else the news announcing can go on unreservedly without dreading the lawful club. Tragically the British Parliament has persistently opposed designs to move the weight of verification on the issue of truth in the slander cases. Anyway this didn't get a lot of help. The protected reaction of the Members of the Parliament to changes in law may have sprung from the apprehensions they have of the British Press going out of control like the American journalists.â â â â â â â The fringe changes that the Defamation demonstration experienced is likewise due to the financial conditions.... The fast advancement in innovation expanded the chance of sending news and view over the globe. The British telecom industry is a transcendently a state undertaking regardless of the much trumpeted freedom and self-governance. The abusive Act whenever sought after overwhelmingly may at last influence even the working of BBC. Somewhere else on the planet the media can go to large degree in barbecuing the community workers, VIPs and chiefs of industry. Be that as it may, in Britain Defamation act is the shield to ensure them. Yet, in the globalized situation if the BBC is going to work as a protected association it will lose its upper hand in the globalized world. So the adjustment of the maligning demonstration is additionally an absolute necessity for the endurance of the British Media. So in the print and communicate media changes were basic to make due in the globalized world. The Defamation Act of 1996 came out, after much fan toll about the extreme changes that it would realize in the legitimate framework, the progressions were only fringe and frustrated the individuals who anticipated an upgrading of the Act. The negligible arrangements in the disparaging demonstration have made many frustrated and consider the change practice as a lost chance. There are barriers that address the issues made by the new advancements and quickly developing extent of news detailing as a global issue. Different sorts of arrangements are intended to diminish the use in battling less genuine instances of slander and to lessen the resistance delighted in by the individuals in power. The Defamation Act of 1996 misses the mark in tending to the issues made by the globalized setting. Particularly the arrangement called Avocation puts the whole weight of verification on the litigant. Truth be told, as

Hcs 245 Culture and Disease Paper Free Essays

Culture and Disease Paper †Malaria Erin E. Nelson HCS 245 September 5, 2011 Andrea Dale Culture and Disease Paper †Malaria It tropical and sub-tropical atmospheres temperature, dampness, and precipitation cooperate to make a rearing ground for mosquitoes. Mosquitoes are a host for transmittable infections one specifically is called intestinal sickness. We will compose a custom paper test on Hcs 245 Culture and Disease Paper or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Jungle fever is a parasitic malady that contaminates a specific sort of mosquito, Anopheles mosquitoes, which benefits from people. Individuals who get jungle fever are normally debilitated with high fevers, shaking chills, and influenza like sickness. In spite of the fact that jungle fever can be a dangerous sickness, ailment and demise from intestinal sickness can for the most part be forestalled (Global Health †Division of Parasitic Diseases , 2010) Individuals living in atmospheres that help the existence pattern of these mosquitoes are more in danger than the individuals who don't. In the event that temperatures fall beneath 68 degrees Fahrenheit the mosquitoes can't finish their development cycle. Africa, portions of South America and Asia have acquired most of the intestinal sickness pestilence (Global Health †Division of Parasitic Diseases , 2010). I this paper I will cover: populaces helpless against jungle fever, factors that make these populaces powerless, methods of transmission, techniques used to control the spread of intestinal sickness, the job of social/social impacts and offer network wellbeing advancement and health procedures. Specifically small kids and pregnant ladies are more in danger of contracting jungle fever. Small kids have not developed or gained invulnerability to the malady and without insusceptibility diseases are increasingly extreme and dangerous (The World Health Organization Staff, 2010). Over 40% of the world’s kids live in places where intestinal sickness is a steady danger. Most beyond words jungle fever since they don't get powerful treatment† (Episcopal Relief and Development Staff, 2009). Pregnant ladies have undermined resistant frameworks because of the pregnancy leaving them in danger. Additionally people experiencing different illnesses, for example, HIV, lack of healthy suste nance and paleness are helpless (Global Health †Division of Parasitic Diseases , 2010). The parasite that causes intestinal sickness taints two has: the female Anopheles mosquitoes and people (Global Health †Division of Parasitic Diseases , 2010). The mosquito is basically safe, sound, from the parasite however goes about as a vector and transmits the ailment from human to human each time it takes care of. The parasites are found in the mosquitoes’ salivary organs; it infuses the spit when taking care of, and gives the parasite to its â€Å"meal†. While the parasite is in people it travels through the blood where its moved to the liver. The parasite makes a home in the human’s liver and in the red platelets it develops. The existence cycle proceeds in every red platelet, crushing them and making girl parasites (Global Health †Division of Parasitic Diseases , 2010). So as to control the spread of intestinal sickness researchers made anti-microbials to fix the illness to help limit the spread of the infection. Chloroquine was the principal anti-toxin made by german researcher, Han Andersag, in 1946. A German science understudy, Othmer Zeidler, incorporated DDT (Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) in 1874 however the bug spray properties were not found until 1939 (Global Health †Division of Parasitic Diseases , 2010). It was utilized by officers to ward mosquitoes off so they would not contract typhus and intestinal sickness will on the combat zone. The CDC (Communicable Disease Center) was made as another segment of the U. S. General Health Service and has been attempting to battle Malaria since 1946. The new focus was the immediate replacement of the Office of Malaria Control in War Areas, an organization built up in 1942 to constrain the effect of intestinal sickness and other vector-borne infections (Global Health †Division of Parasitic Diseases , 2010). Another method of anticipation is legitimate drug and bug spray while going in regions that are exceptionally immersed in mosquitoes and revealed instances of intestinal sickness. † Every year, a great many US inhabitants travel to nations where jungle fever is available (Global Health †Division of Parasitic Diseases , 2010). Around 1,500 instances of jungle fever are analyzed in the United States every year, for the most part in returned travelers† (Global Health †Division of Parasitic Diseases , 2010). Intestinal sickness hazard isn't dispersed homogeneously all through all nations. A few goals have intestinal sickness transmission happening all through the entire nation, while in others it happens in characterized pockets so the explorer ought to be fatigued of regions whose atmosphere is helpful for mosquitoes. The WHO Global Malaria Program is answerable for proof based approach and methodology detailing, specialized help, limit building, jungle fever observation, onitoring and assessment, and coordination of worldwide endeavors to battle intestinal sickness. WHO is likewise a fellow benefactor and hosts the Roll Back Malaria association, which is the worldwide structure to actualize composed activity against jungle fever (The World Health Organization Staff, 2010). The CDC takes an intere st effectively in worldwide jungle fever endeavors through work with the WHO, Roll Back Malaria Partners, UNICEF, and more in the battle to keep the pestilence under control (Global Health †Division of Parasitic Diseases , 2010). End Intestinal sickness is an extremely infectious parasite transmitted through mosquitoes to people. Those in danger are people living in regions helpful for the rearing of mosquitoes, particularly those that permit the mosquitoes to finish their development cycle. Everybody is in danger particularly with the quantities of voyagers expanding the danger of the explorer bringing it home to the states is plausible. Preventable measures have been made, for example, DDT in creepy crawly repellant and anti-infection agents. The pestilence has stopped in the States however keeps on being an issue in Africa and Asia. References Episcopal Relief and Development Staff. (2009). Jungle fever FAQs. Recovered September 3, 2011, from NETSFORLIFE: http://www. netsforlifeafrica. organization/intestinal sickness/jungle fever faqs Global Health †Division of Parasitic Diseases . (2010, February 28). Intestinal sickness. Recovered September 3, 2011, from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: http://www. cdc. gov/jungle fever/about/infection. html The World Health Organization Staff. (2010, April). Intestinal sickness Center. Recovered September 3, 2011, from World Health Center: http://www. who. int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/file. html The most effective method to refer to Hcs 245 Culture and Disease Paper, Papers

The Secret to Writing a College Admissions Essay That Stands Out from the Crowd

The Secret to Writing a College Admissions Essay That Stands Out from the Crowd If youre in the process of writing a college admission essay, youve already had a taste of the anxiety these types of assignments can cause. While choosing each word carefully, your mind probably spins with a series of questions: Will this essay keep me from getting in? Will they find it boring? Does it stand out from the crowd?Added to that anxiety are the often complex, or just plain strange, questions that many colleges will ask, like Do you believe we are alone? or How do you feel about Mondays? Whether the question is strange or difficult, overly simplistic or not even applicable to your lifeâ€"here are some quick tips on the secret to writing a college admissions essay that stands out from the crowd of other essays the admissions committee will read along with yours.Less is moreMany colleges will give you a word count maximum but for the ones where a word count minimum is given, dont take that as an invitation to write over 800 words. The admissions committee who will be readin g your essay(s) will also be reading a stack of other essays, and will not want to spend more time reading yours than necessary. Keep it concise to maintain their interest without taking up a lot of their time.Uniqueness countsThe key to writing an essay that stands out from the others is to be as unique as possible. While this might be a difficult task for many soon-to-be college freshmen, its worth your time and effort to think of somethingâ€"anythingâ€"that makes you unique compared to the others. Maybe its a travel experience, a family history, a goal, a way that you think or something youve done?Dont cover everythingIf youve led an especially busy life as a high school student, dont try to cover everything youve done. Pick the highlightsâ€"the activities that were the most rewarding or the most impressiveâ€"and stick to those few things. If you write about 20 different activities within the span of a 500-700 word essay, your writing will inevitably appeared scattered and unorga nized. Its simply impossible to write about that many topics with that limited of a word count and keep it organized.Be controversialMany people falsely assume that you should avoid topics such as religion, politics and the like in college entrance essays, but this couldnt be farther from the truth. Although you should avoid soapboxes and topics that might be against school philosophy (if applying to a religious-oriented school), voicing your stance and providing reasonable arguments for it and against it shows that you know how to think logically and coherently about important topicsâ€"a trait that you will need to succeed as a college student.Avoid mistakes in grammar, punctuation and spellingWhile this should be obvious, you would be amazed at how many students submit essays with glaring grammar, punctuation and spelling mistakes. The main reason for this is they depend on their word processors spelling/grammar check, which will not catch many of the mistakes that a flesh and blo od editor would catch. Submitting an essay with these types of mistakes is a guaranteed way to get your application rejection. The admissions committee will believe (and rightly so) that if you have errors on what should be an example of your best work, your daily work in college will have even more errors. When they compare an essay with errors to an essay without them, and have to choose between the two, its obvious which one they will choose. And it wont be yours.Be accurateI am consistently amazed at the number of college admissions essays I receive that refer to particular works or authors, and then get those titles and author names wrong. While a good editor will hopefully catch such errors, its impossible for an editor to know about every topic and every author. For this reason, beyond the mistakes that can be made with spelling, punctuation and grammar, a big mistake that many applicants make is inaccuracy of information. When referring to a particular author who was an infl uence on your life and choices, be sure to get the name of the author and title of the work right. When discussing theories, research, or any topic for that matter, be sure that you are completely accurate in the context and use of this information. Otherwise, youll seem as if you dont know what youre talking about and are just throwing out information that youve neither studied nor learned.Be descriptiveWhen youre discussing something that youve accomplished or situations in which youve excelled, be descriptive because it lends a sense of credibility and humaneness to what you are saying. This is not to say that you should overload an essay with adjectives and adverbs, but adding details like this will make your writing more exciting and more vividâ€"two traits that admissions committees love in an essay.Be likeableThis one is perhaps the most important, as long as your grammar, spelling and punctuation are correct. When an admissions committee reads an essay written by a student w ho has excelled much in their high school years but seems pedantic, stuffy and just plain boring, that student still has a chance of being denied admission. College is as much about social interactions as it is about academics. If you fail to show that you can be likeable and fit in well with the college community, you have missed an opportunity to make your essay stand out from the rest.

A Report on a Non Bank Financial Institution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1525 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Did you like this example? Non Bank Financial Institution Definition: A non-bank financial institution (NBFI) is a financial institution that does not have a complete banking license and is not administered by a national or international banking regulatory agency. NBFIs make easy bank-related financial services, such as investment, contractual savings, risk pooling market brokering. Examples: Examples consist of insurance firms, check cashing locations, pawn shops, currency exchange, cashiers check issuers, payday lending, microloan organizations. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Report on a Non Bank Financial Institution" essay for you Create order Alan Greenspan has identified the role of NBFIs in intensification an economy, as they facilitate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“multiple alternatives to transform an economys savings into capital investment act as backup facilities should the primary form of intermediation failà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Types: Commercial Banks. Investment Banks. Insurance Companies. Brokerages. Investment Companies. Commercial Banks: Commercial banks accept deposits offer security and convenience to the customers. The original purpose of banks is to provide clients secure keeping for their money. Through banks customers does not longer need to keep huge amounts of currency in their hand, transactions can be handled with checks, debit cards credit cards as an alternative. Commercial banks also provide loans to the individuals and businesses use to buy goods or expand business operations which in turn direct to more deposited funds that make their way to banks. Investment Bank: Investment banks may be called banks, their operations are far dissimilar than deposit gathering commercial banks. An investment bank is a financial intermediary which executes a range of services for businesses and some governments. The services contains underwriting debt and equity offerings, acting as an intermediary among an issuer of securities and the investing public, making markets, providing mergers and different corporate reorganizations, and acting as a broker for institutional customers. In general investment banks are subject to less regulation than commercial banks. Although investment banks work below the direction of regulatory bodies likes the Securities and Exchange Commission, FINRA, and the U.S. Treasury. Insurance Companies: Insurance companies pool risk by collecting imbursement from a big group of people who want to defend themselves their loved ones against a particular loss, for instance a fire, car accident, illness, lawsuit, disability or death. Insurance assist individuals and companies supervise risk and preserve wealth. Through insuring a large amount of people, insurance companies can function profitably and simultaneously pay for claims that may arise. Insurance companies make use of statistical analysis to plan what their actual losses will be within a given class. They know that not all of the insured individuals will endure losses all at once. Brokerages: Brokerages operate as an intermediary among buyers and sellers to provide securities transactions. Brokerage companies are remunerated via commission after the transaction has been successfully completed. For instance, when a trade order for a stock is carried out, an individual often pays a transaction fee for the brokerage companys efforts to execute the trade. A brokerage can be either full service or discount. A full service brokerage provides investment advice, portfolio management and trade execution. In exchange for this high level of service, customers pay significant commissions on each trade. Discount brokers allow investors to perform their own investment research and make their own decisions. Investment Companies: An investment company is a corporation or a trust through which individuals invest in diversified, professionally managed portfolios of securities by pooling their funds with those of other investors. Types: Unit investment trusts (UITs). Face amount certificate companies. Managed investment companies. Role of Financial Institutions: NBFIs supplement banks by facilitating the infrastructure to allot surplus resources to individuals and companies through deficits. NBFIs also introduce competition in terms of financial services. Whereas banks may present a set of financial services as a packaged deal, NBFIs unbundle and modify these services to meet the requirements of particular clients. Growth A few researches recommend elevated correlation b/w a financial development and economic growth. Usually, a market-based financial system has improved developed NBFIs than a bank based structure which is encouraging for economic growth. Stability A multi-faceted financial system that comprises of non-bank financial institutions can protect economies from financial shocks and allow speedy recovery when these shocks occur. Other Types: Risk-Pooling Institutions: Insurance companies endorse economic risks linked with illness, death, damage and other risks of loss. In return to collecting an insurance premium, insurance companies offer a dependent promise of economic protection in the case of loss. There are two major types of insurance companies: General insurance Life insurance. General insurance be likely to be short-term, whereas life insurance is a longer-term contract, which cease at the death of the insured. Both kinds of insurance life and general are accessible to all sectors of the district. Contractual Savings Institutions: Contractual savings institutions provide individuals the chance to invest in collective investment vehicles (CIV) as a fiduciary rather than a principal role. Collective investment vehicles pool means from individuals and firms into diverse financial instruments together with equity, debt, and derivatives. The two main types Open-end Closed-end funds. Open-end funds produce original investments by allowing the public to buy new shares at any time and shareholders can liquidate their holding by selling the shares back to the open-end fund at the net asset value. Closed-end funds release a predetermined number of shares in an IPO. In this instance the shareholders capitalize on the value of their assets by selling their shares in a stock exchange. Market Makers: Market makers are broker dealer institutions that quote a buy and sell price and provide transactions for financial assets. Such assets contain equities, government and corporate debt, derivatives, and foreign currencies. As soon as receiving an order the market maker without delay sells from its inventory or makes a purchase to offset the loss in inventory. The degree of difference between the buying and selling quotes, or the bid-offer spread is how the market maker creates profit. A main contribution of the market makers is getting better the liquidity of financial assets in the market. Specialized Sectorial Financiers: They offer a restricted range of financial services to a targeted sector. For instance, real estate financiers channel capital to prospective homeowners, leasing companies offer financing for equipment and payday lending companies that offer short term loans to individuals that are under banked or have limited resources. Financial Service Providers: Financial service contributor includes brokerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s securities and mortgage, management consultants, and financial advisors, and they function on a fee for service basis. Their services contain enhancing informational efficiency for the investors in the case of brokers, providing a transactions service by which an investor can liquidate existing assets. Purpose and Scope: The purpose is to provide the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) with factual profiles of five sectors of non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs), based upon their size, services, geographic and transaction attributes. FinCEN has regulatory responsibilities for a wide variety of financial institutions, and needs current and detailed information on those financial institution industry elements subject to its regulatory authority. Senior policy makers need to make regulatory decisions based on the best available information, so as to ensure that their public responsibilities are dis charged fairly and effectively. In the near future, FinCEN will be proposing significant changes to its regulatory requirements relating to certain non-bank financial institutions (identified below) and will need basic information concerning the size, extent, revenue derived and nature of the businesses that offer these financial services to the public. In order to provide reliable information, we: conducted an intensive discovery process identifying and cataloging conventional and unconventional sources of data, through similarly conventional and unconventional means; investigated these sources to the extent possible in connection with the scope of the study; utilized internal resources and networks of professionals to obtain key information; Opened channels of communication with major industry participants and state regulators; and Utilized innovative quality analysis techniques to identify and highlight meaningful indicators and trends. The five NBFI sectors covered by the study are: Money Transmission Travelers Check Money Order Retail Foreign Currency Exchange Check Cashing. List of Non-Bank Financial Institution in Pakistan: A. Development Finance Institution: Equity Participation Fund. Investment Corporation of Pakistan. National Investment Trust Ltd. Pakistan Kuwait Investment Company (Pvt) Ltd. Pakistan Oman Investment Co.Pvt.Ltd Saudi Pak Industrial and Agricultural Investment C. (Pvt) Ltd. B. Leasing Companies: Asian Leasing Corporation Ltd. Askari Leasing Company Ltd. Dawood Leasing Company Ltd. Saudi Pak Leasing Company Ltd. Pak-Apex Leasing Company Ltd. Lease Pak Ltd. Pakistan Industrial Commercial Leasing Ltd. Universal Leasing Corporation Ltd. Trust Leasing Corporation Ltd. C. Investment Banks: Asset Investment Bank Ltd. Crescent Investment Bank Ltd Islamic Investment Bank Ltd. First International Investment Bank Ltd. Jahangir Siddiqui Investment Bank Ltd. Security Investment Bank Ltd. Trust Investment Bank Ltd. D. Modaraba Companies: Al-Zamin Leasing Modaraba Financial Link Modaraba First General Leasing Modaraba First Islamic Modaraba First Pak Modaraba First Punjab Modaraba Industrial Capital Modaraba Guardian Leasing Modaraba Long Term Venture Capital Modaraba E. Discount Guarantee Houses: First Credit Discount Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. First Prudential Discount Guarantee House Ltd. National Discounting Services Ltd. F. House Finance Companies: Citibank Housing Finance Company Ltd. House Building Finance Corporation International Housing Finance Ltd. G. Venture capital Company: Pakistan Venture Capital Ltd. Page | 1

Marketing Opportunity - Dettol Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Dettol has successfully been able to position itself as a brand which is mainly for families for the purpose of hygiene and keeping them germ-free. With its claims of the killing off 99.9% germs Dettol is a popular product when it comes to daily cleanliness. Even though they have established their brand as a clean product which is convenient and dependable there still exists an opportunity for Dettol to add to their current product depth by introducing a brand which is for today s more aware consumer. With the consumer s preference for environment-friendly brands which endorse recyclable materials in product use and aim for convenience. Free refills for their no hands liquid hand washes and the introduction of the product in bigger sizes is an opportunity that the brand can benefit from in the UAE market. Proposed productThe product that is proposed is to introduce the concept of refills for a basic bottle of liquid hand wash in a variety of fragrances. In this way a strategy much l ike Gillette does with its razor blades can be followed. When the overall price of the product is comparatively less the cost is transferred to the purchase of refills. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Opportunity - Dettol or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Role and Function of Law Free Essays

The Role and Function of Law James Williams Law/421 January 7, 2012 Gail B. Jabber Role and Functions of Law According to Melvin (2011), â€Å"A generally accepted generic definition of the law is a body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by controlling authority, and having legal binding force† (p. 4). We will write a custom essay sample on Role and Function of Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now The scope of modern law is broad with tentacles that reach into every area of public and private dealings. Essentially law furnishes a process by which the rulings and directives to regulate certain behaviors, disagreements, plus unlawful acts are available to individuals for use in resolution of disputes and to enforce promises. Law weaves into practically every aspect of the daily activities of businesses as well as individuals within the society. The evolution of law from basically a way to protect property rights to the intricate and complex system it has become is astounding. The research will examine the numerous roles and functions of law in relation to business and society. Laws govern many facets of business. They regulate—business operation, environmental standards, treatment of employees, workplace requirements—to name a few. The broad design of the law is to discourage against predatory business practices and to protect the consumer from fraudulent advertising or receiving inferior products as well as provide remediation to victims when necessary. To accomplish this, the federal as well as state governments have policing powers to enforce the rules a society chooses to govern itself. This law incorporates into the fabric of the society. For example, there are federal and state laws that control e-business commerce plus international business dealings. Congress derives its power to regulate the flow of commercial activity along interstate and intrastate highways likewise railways together with the vehicles that transport the goods from the commerce clause. The application of these powers varies. According to Melvin (2011), â€Å"However, the direct and broad power to regulate all persons and products related to the flow of interstate commerce is the fundamental source of its authority. † Furthermore, manufacturing, distribution, shipping, employment, patents, trademarks, and copyrights are under government regulation as well. Federal law supplants state law when they conflict in intrastate matters, e. g. Cipollone versus the Liggett Group, Inc. Laws hold companies responsible for product safety. Therefore, manufacturers as well as sellers are liable to consumers for damaged or defective products as well as injuries or deaths that may result from their use. For example, the government establishes laws to standardize the quality of food, drink, and medicines consumers ingest while issuing additional laws to control the mechanical quality of automobiles and appliances—home and commercial. Enterprises employ these laws throughout the production process to ensure compliance. Consequently, the public is safer from injury and disease through quality control of products. There are numerous federal agencies that regulate business (the Federal Trade Commission, U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, U. S. Patent and Trademark Office, The United States Trade Commission, plus The International Trade Commission), to name a few. Finally, antitrust laws keep businesses from monopolizing markets, price fixing, similarly cornering an industry. Laws touch every aspect of social behavior across walks of life. For example, the activities of a typical day may include waking at home, preparing breakfast, getting children to school, and arriving at the workplace unmindful of the laws that manipulate these acts. The day continues with the use of an identification badge to park, clock-in for work, and in some cases to access restricted areas of the building. The day concludes with a stop at the local grocery store to purchase a few items for dinner and pay for them with a bank card giving no thought of the numerous laws that govern this business transaction. After all, the design of the law is to function in society and business in such a way that following them requires little thought. Laws provide order and a tool for the government to enforce satisfactory behavior with a precise set of rules (public laws) for citizens to adhere to, such as civil, criminal, administrative, and constitutional laws. By the power of public law the government imposes penalties (fines or incarceration) for breaking the law through civil and criminal court actions upon members of the society. The African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church has a rigorous set of laws, policies, procedures, and committee to vet potential ministerial candidates. However, since 1984 state law requires a criminal background check from the state law enforcement agency where the candidate resides before working in a day-care facility for children or senior citizens. The law further requires a one million dollar insurance rider for sexual misconduct charges that could result from counseling or visitations. The church complies with the intent of this legal mandate to protect the congregants from predators, and to avoid potential lawsuits that could bankrupt the church. In conclusion, the influence of law upon individuals’ lives begins at birth, and ends following death and the settlement of the estate. Law functions in marriage, separation, divorce, custody of children, birth certificates, and death certificates. To start a business, a person needs a permit, business license, and an attorney. Indeed the law influences people through the entirety of life. References Melvin, S. P. (2011). The legal environment of business: A managerial approach: Theory to practice. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Azria, S. M. (2008). Wills, Trusts, Estates Taxation. Wills, Trusts, Estates Taxation — Research Starters Business, 1. Bednar, J. (2006). Making Dollars and Sense. Businesswest, 23(5), 18. Boden, D. (2008). How to take (legal) action. International Financial Law Review, 27(5), 96-99. Flynn, S. I. (2008). Business Estate Planning. Business Estate Planning — Research Starters Business, 1. How to cite Role and Function of Law, Essay examples

Sustainable Comprehensive Primary Health -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Sustainable Comprehensive Primary Health? Answer: Introduction As much as Australia is developed, there still exists the rural part of the country. This is not to mean that if a country is well developed then it cannot have its rural part, no. The main concern is looking at how rural Australia with its beautiful mountains, rivers and such beautiful scenery and the contributions it makes to the whole of the country in various ways including farming. It is a country of high mountains, coastlines and plateaus (Funk Wagnalls New Encyclopedia, 2016). This however is almost not reciprocated to them considering the fact that there are challenges when it comes to service delivery to the rural areas. These service deliveries are important due to also the problems they face like climatic changes and drought and famine.Bushfires are common in areas where there are high temperatures or hot and dry conditions (Funk Wagnalls New Encyclopedia, 2016). There are significant challenges presented when it comes to this but there are also the strengths in it. Seve ral financial are in play affecting rural service delivery either positively or negatively. Understanding what human services is all about is also a very important thing to look at. These services encompass both face-to-face models and the virtual model. Nature of Rural Human Services in Australia Human services is all about providing and making sure that human needs are met in order to make sure that the people live in higher standards of life when it comes to all aspects. It is very vital for human development in all areas. However, it is not major case in rural regions of Australia with the limited provision of such services. The limitation of serviced is due to the problems that Australia faces when it comes to being able to hiring and retaining staff which is responsible for provision of these services (Doherty et al. 2015). The rural part of Australia is prone to natural calamities with far-reaching economic and social impacts for example the 2009 Black Saturday fires (Economist, 2012). Besides, it presents a challenge to the people due to the low life standards they live in. The reason for being not able to retain these workers is that there are shortages of such workers and that this is a problem that is rampant in most rural areas across the world or simply movement f rom the poor parts of a country towards the rich parts in search of better opportunities. Alston (2009) further stresses the situation in the rural areas on. She suggests that the farmers in the rural areas are the most affected by such a thing more than other rural groups. Therefore, it is a proof of the situation on the ground. In a further review of her book, she recognizes the fact that there are complex and intricate challenges that face rural Australia not forgetting the remote areas. The impact that is supposed to be seen from policies made by the structures put in place to accomplish the task very critical is often not seen among the people (Butler, 2011). This situation needs to improve. Putting things into a brighter perspective is Morling Boxall (2014) by saying that the kind of mental illness people in rural and remote Australia face is chronic compounded by poor living conditions and struggle to get good healthcare. The distribution of doctors is also uneven with the m any present in the urban areas leaving the rural areas with almost none (Kamalakanthan Jackson, 2009). Strengths and Weaknesses ofHuman Service Delivery in Australia As much as all the psychologists have weaknesses be it in rural or urban areas, the ones who work in the rural areas have special ones compared to those in the urban areas (Pelling Butler, 2015). The two say that some of the special challenges faced include clients in rural area have or suffer from health problems that must be attended to but there is no enough knowledge that has been written on the same. This is more of being introduced into a new field or more accurately, something that has existed for years but no adequate research or none at all has been carried out. This makes it hard when it comes to dealing with patients when meeting face to face. This would be much better in virtual services where one can refer to the relevant sources as opposed to the other one. The human service delivery also fails when it comes to equity of services. This calls for the need of development in the rural and remote areas in the indigenous people region as this is brought about by the presence of unbalanced models of services (Fitzpatrick et al. 2017). In this issue, the urban areas have far much developed structural resources without forgetting the better infrastructure in the towns. This affects both the face-to-face model and the virtual model of human service delivery as when it comes to the face-to-face model the distance hinders efficient movement between client and doctor. When it comes to the virtual model of delivery, where the doctor and the patient do not have to be necessarily close or in the same location, the structural constraints come into play. The rural areas do not have the technological knowhow and equipment required to enable virtual services (Tham et al. 2010). There is need to have equity and equality in both the rural and urban areas. I f the health services are inadequate then it will lead to poor outcomes in health. When it comes to virtual model of service delivery however, there is hope. Although it is not a field that has been developed extensively and putting into mind some of the weaknesses that have been put forward above, in Australia, the recent development in broadband connection is a tool that can greatly improve the provision of mental health care to the indigenous population. These developments include expanding the region or extent to which the internet connection will be available. This will be best when it comes to management technology features such as videoconferencing and therapy through the internet (Simpson Reid, 2014). According to them, this makes these services far much cheaper than before and at the same more accessible. To stress on the importance of telepsychology, the two say it is a very cheap but at the same time a very effective and a high quality human service delivery. Their findings suggest that this mode of delivery might even come close to being rated as the s ame with face-to-face therapy with a doctor. This is a conclusion made from the views and opinions made by clients who have gone through this kind of therapy and have said that they feel satisfied with it. This is good as it eliminates the geographical and the distance barrier and in turn helps save many people. Challenges Faced in Human Service Delivery In looking at the challenges faced by human services delivery, we will use the delivery of mental health help in the rural, remote, and indigenous Australia. According to the report by a Select Committee on Issues of Mental Health of Australia convened by The Senate in Australia (March 2006), it found out that millions of residents in Australia suffer from mental illness at some stage in their life and manage to get overit and continue to live their lives normally. However, you cannot brush aside the devastating effects that are brought about by this dreadful experience. This is often the case especially when the mental illness is serious. This can make one contemplate suicide due to the depression that comes with mental illness. People suffering from mental health however in the remote areas of Australia were found to be what we can say, Better off because indigenous communities offer many social help and are friendlier. This however does not seem to help so much as the citizens fin d it hard to access mental health institutions. The reason making it hard them to access mental healthcare is due to a low number of mental health practitioners in the remote and rural areas. What brings about this challenge is the distance from where the professionals are to where the rural farms are. This means that at some point the indigenous people have to be taken to somewhere else which according to the report, can mean being taken to a very different world to the indigenous Australians. This agrees with the findings of another researcher who says that when it comes to matters in staffing, this has always presented a problem in rural Australia (Cosgrave et al. 2015). They say that the issue of retention of the professionals presents a big challenge. Still on the challenges, Cosgrave and his colleagues point out that the presence of small towns present the biggest problem in provision of mental services. To stress on the importance of this they talk of the importance of those who have worked in the rural areas for a signific ant amount of time because they have the knowledge onthe impact of retaining workers. This mostly affects the face-to-face model where the services need boots on the ground though it cuts across both. Another challenge when it comes to the virtual model of human service delivery is about telecommunication. Pelling Butler (2015) note it to be a field that has not been developed properly but the psychologists arealready being pressured to use this technology. This involves teleconferencing with the client or where possible videoconferencing. This makes it easier to bridge the distance between patients and professionals. The lack of development of this makes it hard for the practioners to effectively communicate with the clients without forgetting the fact that the indigenous people are not advanced technologically. Morley et al (2007) look at what we can say is the positive side of things away from all these challenges. In their research, they find that there are measures that have been put forward to try to mitigate these challenges faced. In their model of research, they include a look at several case studies in where several projects have been undertaken in a bid to improve the state of mental health services by the government. The projects undertaken projects were tailor made solutions for the rural areas and their research shows that they have worked tremendously. They reach to an extent where they have actually been rated as being standard at some point. This shows that there is actually hope for the Australian indigenous people in the mental health care sector. Margaret Alston in her book, Innovative Human Service Practice: Australias changing landscape (2009), she talks of other challenges that are not domestic as the ones mentioned above but rather external. She says that service delivery in rural communities is also affected by things as the effects of a world that is becoming small through globalization and neo-liberalism. In globalization, she says due to the effects of globalization, the government hasintroduced market based solutions that led to withdrawal of services from the rural areas (Alston, 2007). Conclusion The importance of quality human services has been looked at critically and why the government and all the involved stakeholders in the human services need to work towards the betterment of the nature of these services especially in the rural, remote and places where the indigenous people reside. On other issues, the book written by Margaret Alstons book is a very great book that gives insight into what exactly is happening on the ground and all the forces in play in the rural areas. This book is helpful in improving the standards of rural services provisionas it also points out the issues they face as a community. It however has a place to be criticized as it points out that farmers are the most disadvantaged in the rural areas (Teghe, 2012). There is a need to come up with ways on how to develop a nearly perfect model that works and is fair to all the regions especially the rural areas. This will help reduce economics and tragic events such as suicide. There is needed to look at the factors that make up an ineffective model that is mainly a model that does not enable or allow the worker to give the service to perfection sustainably (Roufeil Battye, 2008). This sustainability should be present at the organizational level, programme level and at the linkages with affiliated services. The technological part is also a vital tool that should be developed to reduce the costs and eliminate distance between clients and therapists or human service workers and the intended group, population or area References Alston, M. (2007). Globalization, rural restructuring and health service delivery in Australia: policy failure and the role of social work? Health Social Care inthe Community,15(3), 195-202. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2524.2007.00696.x Alston, M. (2009). Innovative Human Service Practice: Australias changing landscape. Palgrave Macmillan. South Yarra. Australia. (2016).Funk Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, 1p. 1. BushfiresinAustralia.(2016).FunkWagnallsNewWorldEncyclopedia,1p.1. Butler, M. P. (2011). Innovative Human Services Practice: Australia's Changing Landscape.Australian Social Work,64(2), 236. doi:10.1080/0312407X.2011.579386 Cosgrave, C., Hussain, R., Maple, M. (2015). Retention challenge facing Australia's rural community mental health services: Service managers' perspectives.Australian Journal of Rural Health,23(5), 272-276. doi:10.1111/ajr.12205 Counting the cost of calamities. (2012).Economist,402(8767), 60. Doherty, C., Shield, P., Patton, W., Mu, G. M. (2015). The limits to public service: rural communities, professional families and work mobility.Community, Work Family,18(1), 100. doi:10.1080/13668803.2014.953446 Fitzpatrick, S. J., Perkins, D., Luland, T., Brown, D., Corvan, E. (2017). The effect of context in rural mental health care: Understanding integrated services in a small town.Health Place,4570-76. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.03.004 Kamalakanthan, A., Jackson, S. (2009). Doctor supply in Australia: rural--urban imbalances and regulated supply.Australian Journal of Primary Health,15(1), 3-8. Morley, B., Pirkis, J., Naccarella, L., Kohn, F., Blashki, G., Burgess, P. (2007). Improving access to and outcomes from mental health care in rural Australia.Australian Journal of Rural Health,15(5), 304-312. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1584.2007.00905.x Morling, D., Boxall, A. (2014). Rural mental health matters.Australian Journal of Rural Health,22(6), 340-341. doi:10.1111/ajr.12158 Pelling, N., Butler, B. (2015). Rural Counselors and Psychologists in Australia: A Descriptive Survey of Professionals and Practice. International Journal of Mental Health,44(1/2), 94-106. doi:10.1080/00207411.2015.1009782 Roufeil, L., Battye, K. (2008). Effective regional, nursing and remote family and relationship service delivery. AFRC Briefing No. 10 Simpson, S., Reid, C. (2014). Telepsychology in Australia: 2020 vision.Australian Journal of Rural Health,22(6), 306-309. doi:10.1111/ajr.12103 Teghe, D. (2012). Innovative Human Services Practice: Australia's Changing Landscape.Social Work Education,31(1), 134-135. doi:10.1080/02615479.2011.578918 Tham, R., Humphreys, J., Kinsman, L., Buykx, P., Asaid, A., Tuohey, K., Riley, K. (2010). Evaluating the impact of sustainable comprehensive primary health care on rural health.Australian Journal of Rural Health,18(4), 166-172. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1584.2010.01145.x The Senate. (2006). Select Committee on Mental Health: A national approach to mental health-from crisis to community. First report, March 2006

Related Literature on Study Habits free essay sample

The younger students were matched with the older groups on four characteristics: sex, major field of study, semester credit load, and class standing. All 56 participants were undergraduate students (sophomores or juniors) who were registered for the fall 1 982 term. The participants kept running records of their study habits, patterns, and difficulties for an academic year. In general, older and younger students showed similar patterns in terms of how much they studied, what activities were engaged in while studying, the time distribution, and places for studying.There was some evidence that older students studied slightly more per credit hour than did younger students. While the total numbers of difficulties encountered in studying were about the same for both groups, the character of the difficulties was noticeably different. Both older and younger students reacted very favorably to having a mixture of the age groups in their classes. Recommendations for working with adult students and suggestions for further study are offered. We will write a custom essay sample on Related Literature on Study Habits or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Appendices include interview schedules and a study log form.Author/SW) INTRODUCTION It is an understatement to say that the standard of education in Nigeria has fallen. However, it has been realized that students who possess adequate mental abilities sometimes do not perform well in their academic work either because they do not know how to study effectively or they do not use the most effective method of studying. Many questions have been raised by teachers, parents and students themselves on why students perform so poorly academically. Even the state government has shown some concern ever this in recent times by introducing low costs books for both primary and secondary schools.Although this was meant to create the desire to study by students, it has not helped the situation much because, students do not read these books. Many of the students complained of lack of time and conducive environment for study, others who try to study complained of lack of understanding. There is no doubt that these complains evidently point to one fact. That is, lack of effective study habits. It is this problem, the researcher sizes to investigate as it appears to be one of the root causes of the dwelling standard of our educational system today.Research questions: * What proportion of junior secondary school students possess good study habit than those in senior secondary school? * Will male students in junior secondary schools perform better than female students in senior secondary schools? Hypothesis: The following conjectural stat ements were postulated for this study: * There is no significant difference in the study habits of junior and senior secondary school students in Igor Local Government Area f Eddo State. There is no significant difference in the study habits of male and female students in junior and senior secondary schools in Igor, Local Government Area of Eddo State. * There is no significant difference in the academic performance of male students in the junior secondary schools and female students in senior secondary schools.

The Downfall of Equus essays

The Downfall of Equus essays From cucumbers and carrots to white rice and wheat, we humans have altered the genes of almost every food we eat. For almost 10,000 years we've been engineering plants by keeping the seeds from the best crops and planting those the next season. Following this practice year after year has resulted in a slow but steady change and a substantial cumulative effect. We've been altering the genetic makeup of crops by cross-pollinating, too. About 8,000 years ago, for example, farmers in Central America crossed two mutant strains of a weedy-looking plant called Balsas teosinte and produced the first corn on the cob. We've had success with the methods mentioned above (especially cross-pollinating), but because they rely on the random mixing of all of a plant's tens of thousands of genes, the odds of producing a crop with a desired trait is akin to winning a lottery. Today scientists can produce a change quickly by selecting a single gene that may result in a desired trait and inserting that gene directly into the chromosome of an organism. Amazingly, genes from organisms as dissimilar as bacteria and plants can be successfully inserted into each other. These activities let you compare the traditional method of selective breeding with one of the latest transgenic methods. We're going to find more examples where [it's going to be much easier to] switch off a gene or an enzyme in a plant, or add some new component Cut down the amount of lignin in the poplar trees that we're growing for paper pulp to make newspapers, [we'll get] less lignin contamination in streams and waterways We leave undisturbed vast tracts of marginal land which, if we opened to cultivation because of lack of rainfall or topography, would erode badly. They would become unproductive in a few years. Instead, [using] high-yield [agricultural practices] on the land [that is] best suited, you leave undisturbed many of these areas for wildlife habitat, for ...

Managing Change Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Managing Change Master - Case Study Example Also, measures and ways to monitor the change process will be examined. The project will end with an examination of other change management methods that XYZ aught to have used, and the challenges that the organization may face in the foreseeable future spanning from the next five to ten years and possible contingent solutions to these problems. For change to be successful, commitment is vital. According to Kotter, "Most people won't go on the long march unless they see compelling reasons to do so and the reasons are producing expected results". This question addresses the internal and external forces of change affecting XYZ construction Organisational paradigm according to Johnson & Scholes (1997) are those set of assumptions, beliefs which are rarely talked about, which are not considered problematic and most often managers in an organisation are unlikely to be explicit about it. It reflects the collective experience without which members of an organisation would have to do things their own way in different situations they face (Johnson 1992, Johnson &Scholes 1997). According to Dwyer & Kemp (2000:3), "the forces at work in the environment and the organisations capabilities in coping with these, are made sense of in terms of the individual experience of managers and the collective assumptions within the paradigm". Figure one below summarises the cultural web and the organisational paradigm as construed by Johnson and Scholes (1997 Fig. 2.10, p. 69) These assumptions are more commonly observed in conversations, discussions between the different stakeholders in an organisation (Dwyer & Kemp 2000). In some situations assumptions are deeply embedded in an organisation and its' members that it can only be manifested through peoples action (Dwyer & Kemp 2000). In all, these assumptions, ways of doing things are the backbone of the organisation (Johnson 1992, Johnson &Scholes 1997). In XYZ company, the internal factors affecting the change process as deduced from the case include the poor working relationship, less friendly workers who make cooperation and team work difficult, poor management and the autocratic management style of the previous director. The culture and the taken for granted assumptions were at the

Journal #6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal #6 - Essay Example I resolved to create my own time to be doing this so as not to interfere with other plans of the day. My resolve was to be waking up at 4.00 am every day instead of 5.00. Within that time, my scores improved tremendously. However, after two terms, I grew weary and got bored and slowly by slowly let go of the good practice. I am now back to the average student that I was. This was mainly caused by laziness and the spirit of giving up quickly and it may have a negative impact to my future prospects. If I improve on it, I am sure I can proper to the highest level within my fields of interest. One of my self-defeating thought patterns is that that I always think that I will never make it to the best footballer I once dreamed I will be. With such a noble dream in mind, I keep trying my best in the field; do extra drills than my other team members, watch stars play and try to forge an identity with them, but something always tells me that this is all in vain. Although an average player, I know that if I work hard I can emerge the star that I always dream to be. However, these noble thoughts are always shattered away by this disheartening thought that always reminds me of my failing destiny. Whenever this thought comes, I find myself not doing my best. I once lost a clean penalty kick that would determine whether our team wins or not when this thought emerged in my mind at that time. Such feelings come about to the ease with which I relent. I feel that I will be always a loser if such feelings keep coming to me. However, I am bound to improve and come out as a successful per son if I work hard to overcome

Formation and Drainage of Supraglacial Lakes

Formation and Drainage of Supraglacial Lakes Glacial Processes and Geomorphology Degree Assignment B028303 What controls the formation and drainage of supraglacial lakes on the Greenland ice sheet and to what extent are these processes an important control on ice sheet dynamics? Introduction The Greenland Ice Sheet is a large ice mass in the Northern Hemisphere, made up of both land terminating and tidewater terminating outlet glaciers. Seasonal surface melting produces melt water that collects on the surface of the Greenland ice sheet in the form of supraglacial lakes (Luthje et al., 2006). The storage and drainage of lake water is particularly important in forcing a hydraulic connection between the ice sheet surface and the ice bed interface (Bartholomew et al., 2012). For this reason, drainage of these supraglacial lakes is of particular interest in understanding the influence that they have on ice sheet dynamics. Supraglacial lakes have been known to drain in less than one day (Box Ski, 2007). The fluctuations in surface water delivered to the glacier bed from the rapid drainage of these lakes are known to affect the speed that the ice sheet travels at and have been known to cause local uplift of the ice sheet (Sundal et al., 2011). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the factors that control the formation and drainage of supraglacial lakes on the Greenland ice sheet and the implications these processes have on the control of ice sheet dynamics. Formation In cases where drainage is prevented, melt water can be stored on the ice sheet by a form of sediment or ice barrier, creating a supraglacial lake (Benn Evans, 2010). Seasonal warming produces melt water that collects in closed surface undulations on the surface of the ice sheet. The supraglacial lakes across the Greenland ice sheet vary in size from a few hundred meters to 1500m in diameter, with depths of 2-5m (Box Ski, 2007). Supraglacial lakes form in the ablation area of the Greenland ice sheet during summer time melt season. Positions of numerous lakes have been monitored over many years and from the results it can be deduced that most lakes form in the same place every year (Luthje et al., 2006). Supraglacial lakes can occur across much of the ablation zone on the Greenland ice sheet but are especially prominent on the Western transect (Luthje et al., 2006). The formation and location of supraglacial lakes on the Greenland ice sheet is driven by season and temperature, elevation and topography (Chu, 2014). There is an upper limit imposed on the lake distribution and formation by elevation because of temperature and basal sliding restrictions (Liang et al., 2012). Due to the lapse rate, temperature decreases with elevation. When it reaches a certain point on the ice sheet it becomes too cold for melting to so there is no melt water for filling the lake basins. As bedrock topography is only expressed in ice surface topography in regions experiencing basal sliding, interior regions of the ice sheet that do not experience basal sliding are unlikely to contain ice surface depressions suitable for lake formation (Liang et al., 2012). Figure 1(a) shows a histogram of the rate of change of lake area over 10 years of observations. In (b) only the 50th percentile shows a significant relationship with melt intensity. From the two graphs it can be deduced that there is a positive correlation between annual median lake elevation and annual melt intensity, indicating that lakes are more active at hi gher elevations during warmer or more intense melt years (Liang et al., 2012). During more intense melt years, lake drainage events become more common in higher elevations. These regions, which don’t normally experience rapid surface water transfer to the bed of the glacier become more susceptible to moulin formation (Liang et al., 2012). Only lakes above 1050m show inter-annual changes in response to seasonal changes in melting intensity (Liang et al., 2012). The area of supraglacial lakes is more controlled by the local topography. Lakes at lower elevations tend to be smaller because the steeper ice surfaces prevent as much water being collected and stored (Bartholomaus et al., 2007). Although topography and elevation influence the formation and distribution of supraglacial lakes in Greenland, the main control is the season. The lakes will only form during melt season, when temperatures become warm enough to produce melt water to fill the empty lake basins (Luthje et al., 2006). Drainage In order for melt water stored as supraglacial lakes to reach the bed of a glacier, a through ice transport system is required. In a study, Das et al. (2008) monitored and observed the rapid drainage of two large supraglacial lakes down to the base of the Greenland ice sheet. The lakes, on the Western side of the Greenland ice sheet began filling in early July, reaching maximum extent around the 29th of July. At first, lake levels began to fall slowly and steadily and then levels dropped rapidly. This rapid drainage event drained the lake in around 1.4 hours (Das et al., 2008). From observations, it can be deduced that the drainage of the lake occurs in four stages. First of all initial slow, steady drainage occurs through crevasses (Chu, 2014). No water reaches the bed of the glacier, suggesting an inefficient drainage system. Next, connection to the bed occurs and drainage through a fracture system occurs. This stage gives fast and direct drainage of the lake to the bed of the glacier. Thirdly, Moulin formation and closure of the fracture system occurs. Frictional heating from the turbulent water flow and rapid drainage in stage two melts through fracture walls, developing them into discrete moulins (Chu, 2014). Moulins are associated with rapid lake drainage and immediate transfer of water to the ice sheet (Chu, 2014). This rapid transfer of water to the glacier bed has potential to overwhelm the subglacial hydrologic system. The final stage occurs once the lake has drained. Moulins stay open to allow the drainage of surface melt to the bed of the glacie r (Das et al., 2008). Evidence suggests that moulins in existence in the bottom of the lakes fill with snow and become dammed in the winter. Lakes are filled during the summer melt season until the moulins are reopened by a combination of pressure and melting (Box Ski, 2007). Fracture propagation through the ice suggests that once initiated water filled crevasses will propagate downwards through the full thickness of the ice through a process called hydrofracture (Das et al., 2008). The water ponds above small crevasses in the lake basin, exerting stress on the crevasse and eventually the ice starts to fracture. Initially the water refreezes in the crevasse. Heat created from refreezing warms the ice and it melts, advancing further down into the crevasse. Once a connection with the bed is established water from the lake can freely drain. There is no limit to the depth of a water filled crevasse so it is able to reach the bed of a glacier. The process is only limited by the supply of melt water needed to keep the crevasse full (Weertman, J. 1973). Crevasses and moulins connect the surface of the ice sheet with englacial environments, providing a route for melt water to drain from the supraglacial lakes through the ice sheet (Chu, 2014). Although only lake drainage processes for two lakes were observed by Das et al. (2008) in this particular study it can be assumed that other lakes on the Greenland ice sheet drain in the same way. The presence of fractures in other empty lake basins suggests that drainage processes are similar for all supraglacial lakes (Das et al., 2008). Throughout melt season, drainage patterns of the lakes across the Greenland ice sheet migrate inland. Lakes at lower elevations tend to form and drain earlier than those at higher elevations (Bartholomaus et al., 2007). Ice Sheet Dynamics Rapid drainage events are of particular interest in understanding ice sheet dynamics and hydraulic response. Fluctuations in surface water are known to affect the speed of ice sheets (Sundal et al., 2011). Some suggest that more influx of melt water to the glacier bed, from lake drainage events could produce ice sheet acceleration. Moulins provide a method of rapid lake drainage, supplying large influxes of water to the glacier bed with the potential to overwhelm the subglacial hydrological system causing uplift and increase basal sliding (Chu, 2014). They can only support a fraction of the lake water, keeping water pressure at the base of the glacier high and encouraging increases in basal movement and uplift (Box Ski, 2007). Higher water pressure favours faster sliding as it reduces drag between ice and the bed (Bartholomew et al., 2012). Speed ups of the ice sheet are caused by an increase of water pressure at the its base, enhancing basal sliding. This increase in basal water pressure can be provided by melt lake outbursts (Box Ski, 2007). There are other processes involved in basal sliding but for the purposes of linking it with glacier hydrology we are only interested in cavitation. Cavitation vertically jacks the glacier upwards, reducing friction between the glacier bed and rock interface and decreasing effective pressure. When effective pressure and friction are low basal sliding rates are high. In the same study as mentioned above, Das et al. (2008) observed horizontal and vertical movement of the ice sheet that coincided with rapid drainage of the lake. A large uplifted block of ice in the centre of the lake basin evidences local uplift of the ice sheet during rapid lake drainage. Based on topographic studies, it is likely that the large block in the centre of the lake was uplifted during a drainage event (Das et al., 2008). The elevation change reported by sonar surveys suggests surface uplift of around 6m across the block. The large volume of water transported to the ice sheet bed during lake drainage would have produced several meters of uplift at the lakes centre (Das et al., 2008). Figure 2, produced from a study by Bartholomew et al., (2012) supports Das’ et al., (2008) conclusion that drainage of supraglacial lakes can affect velocity and uplift the ice sheet. It shows rapid increases in ice velocity and surface height after the drainage of a supraglacial lake observed on the Western transect of the Greenland ice sheet. Drainage of the lake can be linked with a 400% increase in ice velocity and 0.3m of uplift in less than 24 hours (Bartholomew et al., 2012). Figure 2: (a) Surface velocity during lake drainage event (b) Surface height profile during the lake drainage event (c d) Before and after images of the supraglacial lake (taken by time lapse camera). Solid black lines on (a b) indicate the times when the two photos were taken. Taken from: Bartholomew, I., Nienow, P., Sole, A., Mair, D., Cowton, T. and King, M. (2012). Short term variability in Greenland Ice Sheet motion forced by time-varying meltwater drainage: Implications for the relationship between subglacial drainage system behaviour and ice velocity. Journal of Geophysical Researcg, 117(F3). Both outlet glaciers and slower moving ice sheets across Greenland show a seasonal speed up in response to enhanced melt water delivery to the glacier bed and from pulses of water from lake drainage. The ice sheets continue to speed up until a maximum velocity threshold is reached; sequentially the glacier slows down (Chu, 2014). This slowing down of the glacier is not to be expected if lubrication by melt water is the primary mechanism of speeding up the ice sheet. The reduction in velocity suggests subglacial drainage switches from a linked cavity system to a more efficient channel drainage system (Chu, 2014). Conclusion Understanding the hydrology of supraglacial lakes is important as they have the potential to supply large volumes of water to the bed of the ice sheet and affect motion. Both an increase in glacier velocity and local uplift is observed when supraglacial lake water drains to the bed of the glacier. However, constant high influxes of water are not consistent with continued increase in velocity because the subglacial drainage system switches to a more efficient system (Bartholomaus et al., 2007). Large pulses of water delivered to the bed from drainage of supraglacial lakes overwhelm the subglacial hydrologic network and increase basal motion. Moulins provide rapid drainage of large supraglacial lakes into the ice sheet hydrological systems, while crevasses provide a more steady drainage method. The location, area and potential melt water available to fill these supraglacial lakes is controlled by the elevation and topography of the surrounding area, and more importantly temperature. In turn, these factors could be controlled by climate change. For this reason it is important to monitor the processes associated with glacial lakes to get a clearer understanding of the impacts any future climate change will have on glacial lakes and the Greenland ice sheet. References Abdalati, W. and Steffen, K. (2001). Greenland ice sheet melt extent: 19791999. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (19842012), 106(D24), pp.3398333988. Bartholomaus, T., Anderson, R. and Anderson, S. (2007). Response of glacier basal motion to transient water storage. Nature Geoscience, 1(1), pp.3337. Box, J. and Ski, K. (2007). Remote sounding of Greenland supraglacial melt lakes: implications for subglacial hydraulics. Journal of glaciology, 53(181), pp.257265. Chu, V. (2014). Greenland ice sheet hydrology A review. Progress in Physical Geography, 38(1), pp.1954. Das, S., Joughin, M., Behn, M., Howat, I., King, M., Lizarralde, D., et al. (2008). Fracture propagation to the base of the Greenland Ice Sheet during supra-glacial lakedrainage. Science, 5877, 778−781. Liang, Y., Colgan, W., Lv, Q., Steffen, K., Abdalati, W., Stroeve, J., Gallaher, D. and Bayou, N. (2012). A decadal investigation of supraglacial lakes in West Greenland using a fully automatic detection and tracking algorithm. Remote Sensing of Environment, 123, pp.127138. Luthje, M., Pedersen, L., Reeh, N. and Greuell, W. (2006). Modelling the evolution of supraglacial lakes on the West Greenland ice-sheet margin. Journal of Glaciology, 52(179), pp.608618. McMillan M, Nienow P, Shepherd A, et al. (2007) Seasonal evolution of supra-glacial lakes on the Greenland Ice Sheet. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 262(3–4): 484–492. Sundal AV, Shepherd A, Nienow P, et al. (2009) Evolution of supra-glacial lakes across the Greenland Ice Sheet. Remote Sensing of Environment 113(10): 2164–2171. Sundal AV, Shepherd A, Nienow P, et al. (2011) Meltinduced speed-up of Greenland ice sheet offset by efficient subglacial drainage. Nature 469(7331):521–524. Tweed, F. and Russell, A. (1999). Controls on the formation and sudden drainage of glacier-impounded lakes: implications for jokulhlaup characteristics. Progress in Physical Geography, 23(1), pp.79110. Weertman, J. 1973. Can a water-filled crevasse reach the bottom surface of a glacier? IASH Publ. 95 (Symposium at Cambridge1969 – Hydrology of Glaciers), 139–145. Zwally, H.J., W. Abdalati, T. Herring, K. Larson, J. Saba and K. Steffen. 2002. Surface melt-induced acceleration of Greenland ice-sheet flow. Science, 297(5579), 218–222.

Bad Debts

As long as companies make sales by credit there will always remain bad debts. Forecasting for bad debts is not easy. The value of bad debts can remain consistent over time and some issues or circumstances could change that and hence increase the pile of bad debt.To get an understanding of bad debts one has to know the many variables as possible, inside and outside, that have an effect on bad debt. Meaning of ‘Accrual accounting’ : An accounting method that measures the performance of a company by taking into account the economic events regardless of when cash transactions occur.The Accrual method of accounting is about matching revenues when they are earned against expenses associated with those revenues e. g. , under accrual accounting, if a business receives a bill, that bill is treated as an expense even though it has not been paid. In the same manner, if a customer is billed for an ‘x’ amount, that bill is counted as income even though the payment has no t been received yet. Accrual accounting is considered to be the norm for standard accounting with most companies, with the exception of very small operations.This method provides a more accurate picture of the company's current condition, but its relative complexity makes it more expensive to implement. This is the opposite of cash accounting, which recognizes transactions only when there is an exchange of cash. The various ways of estimating bad-debts are as follows : i. Allowance method: One way companies derive an estimate for the value of bad debts under the allowance method is to calculate bad debts as a percentage of the accounts receivable balance. ii. Aging method: The longer an account balance is overdue, the less likely the debt is to be paid.Therefore, many companies maintain an accounts receivable aging schedule, which categorizes each customer's credit purchase by the length of time they have been outstanding. iii. Percentage of credit sales method: Some companies estim ate bad debts as a percentage of credit sales. If a company has done $500,000 in credit sales during an accounting period and if company records estimate that an average of 1% in credit sales become uncollectible, then an adjustment entry is passed at the end of the accounting period by debiting bad debts expense for $5,000 and credits an allowance for bad debts for $5,000.

Olladas Critique Paper War is a Tender Thing Final Draft

In the case of Disdain Rumples parents, It's both. How they choose to react to the situation is what determines their destiny. Disdain's mother shows indifference to a number of political issues in the beginning. Her character is stoic. The way she answers her daughters questions suggests she doesn't care about any of it at all. The film also introduces that Disdain's mother is Christian while her father is a Muslim. For Christians, the most important ideal is â€Å"to love your enemies and die in the pursuit of ringing them love†.On the other hand, for Muslims, it's fighting the enemies of Islam and dying as a martyr of Allah. Sacrifice is an important ideal in both religions but its meaning in each religion is completely opposed. â€Å"A Christian can never be in love with a Muslim†, she says as she talks about the conflict between Christians and Muslims and how it was at fault, in some way, for her separation with Disdain's father. Moreover, there's a certainty in he r voice, as if no one can have a say in her decision, when she makes up her mind to end heir marriage.But what one fails to recognize while watching her, what one may think is an act of selfishness, is actually an act of selflessness. â€Å"I'd rather we be separated and he be alive than we be together and he be dead. † These are the words of her mother that really struck me. Any woman who loves her husband very much has an extreme fear of losing him but in the film, Disdain's mother was able to cast out that fear because of her deep love. She prefers to be far from her husband so his life could be spared, so that he could be safe.Personally, saw the film as something astonishingly moving; how it was able to remarkably express that feeling of wanting and loving something or someone you know you cannot possibly have because of all the wars and religious conflicts; how the mother's strong yet affectionate personality captured the core and soul of the title itself; the way the s cenes were shot-?so very frank and forthright. Perhaps its simplicity-?having the camera record what everyone has to say without using special effects or requiring the people to wear make-up or to dress up-?is what makes it exceptional.The pureness of the idea about the coexistence betwixt love and war that Disdain Arum presents in the film is undeniably impressive. Everyone has a different definition of love. Love to one person is letting go even if it hurts. For others, love is to give something up for someone to be in a better situation. But for Disdain's mother, love is those two definitions put together. It is the very essence of the courage, especially in their situation, to do the right thing even when the cost is great. That, my friend, is fearless love.

French Pronunciation and Conversation